The world of plants of the Istrian peninsula reaches much further than the widely known species like olive trees and grapevines – its rich native flora includes many wild plants as well, widespread over the meadows, forests and gentle hills. Just like every other region of Croatia, Istria is rich in flora and fauna. However, when it comes to possibilities for plant growth, this Croatian region is somewhat special. The soil of Istria is fertile, and importantly, diverse, and the climate is moderate and Mediterranean, making these regions ideal for growing aromatic and medicinal herbs. Aromatic herbs are plants characterized by their strong yet pleasant smell. Therefore they are commonly used in cooking, as well as in soap-making and perfumery. Apart from their aesthetic features, those herbs often have therapeutic properties, which often makes it difficult to discern between aromatic and medicinal herbs. Istria is characterized by its jagged coastline, but also by the presence of particular flora and fauna. The poor and infertile karst terrain, especially along the coasts, nonetheless provides optimal conditions for the growth of aromatic and medicinal plants and floral species that are now almost extinct in other highly urbanized and densely populated parts of Europe. Meticulous studies of the territory reveal the presence of more than 600 plant species, among which, on account of their strong visual impact, one cannot avoid noticing the wild orchids, which are carefully protected by regulations in force.
It is unlikely that local folk have ever heard anyone speak about an ‘aromatic way of life‘, and they have probably always lived in their natural surroundings in a simple, instinctive manner. Instinctive and spontaneous responses on the part of local residents have possibly also led to a form of wisdom, which may be noted in a tendency to meticulously safeguard everything the local territory naturally offers.
Did we mention 600 types of plants, inflorescences and flowers? Traditionally, local people probably always made use of many types of vegetation. Today it’s a different story though. Delving into manuals and reading botanical studies that are now available we can learn all there is to know about the organoleptic characteristics of herbs and flowers and the presence – or lack – of any beneficial effects they may have. The people who have always lived here discovered these things in an entirely empirical way. What do you know about mallow blossom? Well, it can help to ease dental pain. And thyme? Prepare a strong infusion of the herb and it can be used to clean and disinfect wine barrels to get them ready for a new vintage.
Aromatic lavender and sage oils and so on and so forth are ingredients that have always been traditionally added to daily food. Wild fennel soups were very popular once upon a time, aged hams were flavored with wild laurel leaves and sprigs of wild fern were used up in the attics to repel flies.
Immortelle - Youth elixir. You will recognize immortelle for its specific yellow color, which isn’t strange because it particularly loves the Sun. It loves Istria, too. It grows along the coast and its essential oil affects collagen production and purifies skin. There are enough reasons for you to start loving this herb! Immortelle (Helichrysum italicum) is known for its characteristic yellow color, and it generally grows by the sea and in rocky areas. It is used primarily in cosmetics, as it stimulates the production of collagen in the skin, but it also helps with the treatment of asthma and autoimmune conditions such as allergies and rheumatism.
Lavender - the violet rhapsody. Did you know that for making tea only true lavender flowers are used and that there are more than 40 lavender types in the world? Some of them can be found in Istria - should you pass through central Istria or by the sea - you will definitely spot beautiful violet-colored fields perfect for an Instagram photo to share with us. Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), aromatic herb royalty, is known primarily for its soothing properties. It is often used in aromatherapy, since it greatly helps in reducing anxiety and stress and stimulates relaxation. Just one breath of lavender fragrance is enough to feel its relaxing effect. Other than relaxation and soothing, households all over Croatia and the entire globe use it as an air freshener which deters pests, such as moths and even scorpions.
Pekici, in the municipality of Svetvinčenat, is one of Istria's most picturesque lavender spots. This area is often described as a small slice of heaven on earth, with expansive lavender fields that seem to stretch endlessly. Visitors can enjoy leisurely walks among the rows of lavender, capturing perfect Instagram-worthy photos amidst the vibrant blooms. Pekici is popular for its beauty and tranquil environment, making it a great escape from the hustle and bustle of daily life.
Hvar Island is another prime location for lavender fields in Croatia. Known as the "Island of Lavender," Hvar's fields are particularly famous around the village of Velo Grablje. The island hosts an annual Lavender Festival, celebrating the harvest season with various activities, including workshops, exhibitions, and sales of lavender products such as essential oils, perfumes, and soaps. The festival not only attracts tourists but also helps preserve the cultural heritage and traditions of lavender farming on the island.
If your travels take you to central Croatia, you can still experience a touch of the Mediterranean by visiting the lavender fields at the foot of Medvednica Mountain near Donja Bistra. The Špoljar family manages a farm here, cultivating lavender from planting to blooming, harvesting, and distillation in their mini distillery. They produce a variety of lavender-based products, including hydrolates, facial creams, herbal balms, powders, essential oils, scented salts, and lip balms. Unique gifts such as artistically crafted and painted scented sachets and pillows are also available, ensuring visitors can find something special to take home.
Beyond their visual appeal, lavender fields offer significant therapeutic benefits. Lavender is widely used in aromatherapy due to its calming effects, helping to reduce stress, anxiety, and promote relaxation. The essential oils extracted from lavender flowers are used in various beauty and skincare products, adding to the economic value of these fields. The cultivation and harvesting of lavender play a crucial role in the local economy, supporting small farmers and artisans who produce handmade lavender products.
For those planning a visit, the best time to experience the lavender fields in full bloom is from late June to early August. Early mornings or late afternoons provide the best light conditions and fewer crowds for photography. Many fields offer guided tours where visitors can learn about the cultivation and uses of lavender and purchase fresh lavender products directly from the source.
In summary, the lavender fields of Croatia offer a unique and captivating experience, combining natural beauty with therapeutic benefits. Whether you're looking to capture stunning photographs, enjoy the fragrant air, or learn about local culture, these fields provide a perfect summer getaway.
Oregano (Origanum vulgare) is a widely known herb which is commonly used in Italian and Mediterranean cuisine. It is characterized by a strong, all-consuming flavor and scent, and everyone knows it primarily as “the pizza seasoning”. However, cuisine isn’t its only forte – oregano tea eases gastrointestinal ailments, while oregano oil is used for treating respiratory illnesses.
Rosemary - food medicine. You will recognize it for its particular smell if you run it through your fingers. Imagine it in combination with fish specialties of our peninsula -
it will enrich the taste of food. If you walk by the sea, in its natural habitat, you’ll enjoy in its familiar odor.
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is a popular herb known around the globe for its strong yet pleasant aroma and flavor. It is often used in cooking, and it pairs especially well with fish. Aside from its aroma, rosemary has medicinal properties, such as improving digestion and anti-inflammatory properties, and it is said to improve memory.
Sage - healing beauty. Sage (Salvia officinalis) is a herb which has been used primarily for its medicinal properties for thousands of years. It has anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory properties and is commonly used for treating throat inflammations, the common cold and the flu, and it helps in lowering “bad” cholesterol. It is commonly made into tea, but is also used as seasoning. If you like tea, we suggest you to try the sage tea with its antibacterial and antiseptic action.
Sage is also widely used as a spice. Look it up by the sea if you plan your visit to Istria in May when this herb blooms.
Wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum) has a strong scent, which is why it is primarily used in cooking, but is also used in making essential oils or as a home fragrance. Other than its aroma, it is known for its medicinal uses. It is used therapeutically to improve respiratory health, relieve lower digestive tract ailments, as well as a relaxant remedy.
St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) is a herb native to this region, which is commonly used for treating depression.
It is proven to improve the mood and is often used as an alternative for prescription antidepressants.
Many people drink St. John’s wort tea in the winter to help them endure the cold temperatures and long nights. However, one must be careful when using it – it mustn’t be consumed during summer months, as its consumption in combination with sun exposure can lead to sunburns. On the other hand, St. John’s wort oil stimulates skin regeneration and is great for treating wounds and scars, as well as burns.
Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) is commonly used to ease
anxiety and insomnia, as well as for relieving stomach ailments. It has anti-inflammatory properties and is often used for treating skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis.
Laurel - part of the Roman times, as well as the present times. It is no wonder that laurel was used to make
wreaths - this herb is a symbol of victory, eternity and immortality. Laurel can be found everywhere in Istria - often as seasoning for meat specialties and souses. Bay laurel was used to fashion the laurel wreath of ancient Greece, a symbol of highest status. A wreath of bay laurels was given as the prize at the Pythian Games because the games were in honor of Apollo, and the laurel was one of his symbols.
In the Bible, the laurel is often an emblem of prosperity and fame. In Christian tradition, it symbolizes the resurrection of Christ.
Wild asparagus occupies a prominent place on Istrian tables – lean and dark, it is a symbol of vitality, health and pleasures of the palate, bringing a touch of seaside living into the kitchen. In spring, wild asparagus grows abundantly in forests and meadows along the wider Istrian coastal area. Local pickers are then seen searching the bushes in eager attempts to collect young shoots.
With its superb, slightly bitter taste, wild asparagus inspires the best culinary chefs, having become much more than a simple folk cuisine ingredient. Today, it is the basis of many fine delicacies for the most demanding gourmets, and every Istrian restaurant has come up with its own variations based on its precious aromatic shoots.
If you happen to be in Istria during the asparagus season, visit one of the many festivals honoring it throughout the peninsula, and get to know all the shine of the Istrian spring table queen.
Have you noticed that most of the aromatic herbs in Istria grow by the sea? It seems the sea has a beneficial effect on the plants as well, not only people. We hope you’ll soon be enjoying in treasures on the most beautiful peninsula! An aromatic way of life in Istria
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